The city's two centralised waste treatment complexes currently handle most household waste, with landfill disposal accounting for the remaining 17 per cent.
However, a Hanoi People's Council inspection found persistent problems, including rubbish accumulation, illegal dumping and inadequate waste collection facilities in several areas.
Only 36 communes and wards had allocated land for temporary waste collection and treatment sites, while waste sorting at source remained inconsistent.
Hanoi People's Council calls for a review of waste collection, transport and treatment charges.
The council urged the municipal government to improve waste management planning, review service charges and introduce measures to encourage recycling, including the use of construction waste and ash from waste-to-energy plants.
Hanoi's waste-to-energy capacity could reach 14,900 tonnes a day by 2030, exceeding projected waste generation of nearly 14,000 tonnes, raising concerns over excess capacity.
Council members questioned how further investment in incineration would align with policies promoting waste sorting and recycling.
They also highlighted uneven sanitation standards following the transfer of waste collection and public cleaning responsibilities to commune-level authorities in late 2025.
Le Thanh Nam, director of Hanoi's Department of Agriculture and Environment, said two waste-to-energy plants were already operating, helping the capital reduce its dependence on landfill disposal.
The city aims to have appropriate treatment arrangements for virtually all waste generated by the end of 2027, while reviewing future capacity needs to account for population growth.
Hanoi is expanding modern waste treatment facilities to reduce landfill disposal.
Household waste collection in central Hanoi has reached 100 per cent, exceeding the national target of 95-98 per cent.
Meanwhile, two additional sludge and waste treatment plants are being developed at the Nam Son waste treatment complex to support waste-to-energy operations.
The projects are expected to further reduce landfill disposal, limit leachate and ease pollution around the complex.
Hanoi authorities say they will continue reviewing treatment capacity, strengthening recycling and improving sanitation standards across the city.
