Harvesting dragon fruit in Binh Thuan province. (Photo: VNA)
While tariff negotiations remain the preferred outcome, the minister stressed the need to anticipate less favourable scenarios following the announcement by US President Donald Trump on April 2 of sweeping retaliatory tariffs, potentially including a 46% rate on goods from Vietnam.
The Government and the ministry acted swiftly after President Trump’s announcement, Duy said, addressing ministry units, major exporters and industry associations on April 7.
“Vietnam remains hopeful for a negotiated reduction. But we must be prepared for the possibility that the United States enforces this policy without delay," he said.
The minister urged all stakeholders to jointly assess the situation and propose policy responses, including potential Government support packages.
“Support could come in the form of tax relief, access to credit, or targeted financial mechanisms,” he added.
One immediate response, proposed by the Department of Quality, Processing and Market Development, is to expedite all shipments to the US before April 9, the expected date the new tariff regime will take effect.
According to the department’s director Ngo Hong Phong, Vietnam’s exports of agricultural, forestry and fishery products to the US have consistently exceeded 13 billion USD annually in recent years, with a trade surplus of more than 10 billion USD.
In 2024, exports reached 14.31 billion USD, up 25% from 2023, while imports from the US stood at 3.44 billion USD.
In the first quarter of 2025, Vietnam recorded 3.21 billion USD in agricultural product exports to the US, up 14.9% year-on-year. Imports totalled 914 million USD, a 7.1% increase.
Key export categories included wood and wood products, seafood, pepper, cashew nuts, coffee and fresh produce.
Phong warned that even a 10% flat tariff on all imports would disrupt the bilateral trade balance and weigh heavily on the agricultural sector’s performance in 2025.
Though a 46% retaliatory tariff has been floated, actual rates may vary by product group, prompting urgent calls for a detailed sector-by-sector impact assessment.
In the short term, Phong called for close coordination between ministries, businesses and logistics providers to fast-track customs clearance and delivery of goods.
He also encouraged exporters to engage proactively with US importers to address existing contracts and consider how to distribute any tariff burden fairly.
Equally important, he said, would be reinforcing traceability standards to ensure Vietnamese products are not mischaracterised as re-routed Chinese goods, an issue likely to draw scrutiny from US customs authorities.
Phong said that having a clear and verifiable origin was essential to making the case for exemptions or reduced tariffs on specific product groups.
Over the longer term, Vietnam must consider diversifying export markets, especially those with free trade agreements already in place. Markets in East Asia and the European Union offer viable alternatives based on demand and trade volume.
The department has outlined strategic market redirections for each product group, with wood and wood products targeted at Japan, China and the EU; seafood at China, Japan, the EU and the Republic of Korea (RoK); cashew nuts at the EU, China, the UAE and the UK; pepper at the EU, the UAE, India and China; fruits and vegetables at China, the RoK, the EU and ASEAN; and coffee at Germany, Italy and Japan./
